Change of Use applications are subject to specific planning regulations and guidelines in the UK. The government has established different use classes that define the permitted uses of properties. It is essential to comprehend these use classes and how they impact change of use applications.

From Class A (Shops) to Class F2 (Local community) each class has its own set of rules and requirements which are set by each local planning authority, which must be considered before embarking on a change of use project. Homz is your one-stop solution partner for obtaining all planning consents and necessary licenses for C3 to C4 Conversions, Care Home Conversions, Conversions to Flats, and HMO Conversions in the UK.

Depending on what you are planning to do, in addition to looking great, your project may also require some kind of planning permission. The good news is that at Homz we have expert planning consultants and architects working on a broad and diverse range of applications diligently and we are making sure that your project meets all of the necessary planning criteria to secure your planning permission and consent.

Our Town Planners are here to provide you with Pre-Planning Advice on whether you need planning permission or not. Feel free to Contact Us with your enquiries and our expert team will get in touch with a FREE No Obligation Chat regarding your project.

Types of Change of Use Projects

Change of use projects in the UK can encompass a wide range of scenarios. Let’s explore some common types of projects that frequently require change of use permissions:

a. Commercial to Residential Conversion: Converting commercial spaces, such as offices, warehouses, or shops, into residential dwellings to address the growing demand for housing.

b. Residential to Commercial Conversion: Converting houses into HMO’s (House in multiple occupations), Care Homes, Conversion to Flats.

c. Agricultural to Commercial/Residential Conversion: Transforming agricultural buildings into commercial spaces or residential units, fostering economic growth in rural areas.

d. Office to Residential Conversion: Repurposing office spaces into multiple flats or shared accommodations like HMOs.

e. Industrial to Leisure Conversion: Converting disused industrial facilities into recreational or entertainment venues, revitalising communities and providing new leisure opportunities.

Impact on Local Communities

The local planning authority must consider the broader impact of a change of use on the local community and surrounding area. For example, changing a building’s use from a retail shop, which might principally serve the community by selling essential goods, into a financial or a financial and professional services, firm could have significant local implications. Planning authorities assess such developments for their contribution to the town centre area or residential zones, and whether the proposed development aligns with the community’s needs.

Navigating the Planning System

The UK’s planning system can be complex, with multiple factors influencing whether planning permission is required. Applicants are encouraged to seek professional advice to navigate the planning control process effectively. Planning advice from experts can ensure that all relevant considerations are accounted for, including whether the project would involve physical works, proposed demolition, or result in newly formed units.

If an application is refused, applicants have the right to appeal the decision through appeal process with the Planning Inspectorate. In some instances, local authorities may issue an enforcement notice if changes are made without the required permissions.

Special Considerations for Certain Developments

Certain types of development, such as forestry development, state-funded schools, or outdoor swimming pools, may have their own specific planning requirements. Additionally, developments in secure local authority accommodation or residential institutions may need special consideration prior approval, especially if the proposed development significantly alters the use or function of the building.

Removing permitted development rights in certain cases allows local authorities to retain control over critical changes. For example, a local planning authority may do so to protect the character of a conservation area or prevent inappropriate changes within a listed building.

Change of Use Classes

The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 (as amended) puts uses of land and buildings into various categories known as ‘Use Classes’. It is generally the case that you will need Planning Permission to change from one use class to another, although there are many exceptions which are referred to as ‘Permitted Changes’, allowing some changes between uses. Commercial to residential conversion permitted development rules are quite intricate so it’s always good to have a professional’s opinion before you proceed with the application. We offer a Pre-Planning Advice service at Homz, where our Town Planners provide informed planning advice on your project.

The general principle is that a use can change if it does not have the potential for greater detriment to the public, or to neighbouring uses. For example, A3, (restaurant) uses can change to A1, (shop) use without the need for planning permission. However, if you are proposing to change the use of property or land, you should always seek advice from a planning consultant or your Council to confirm whether planning permission is required or not. In any event, you may wish to have documentary evidence of the change and you can achieve this via a ‘Certificate of Lawfulness’, which provide assurance that the new use will be free from the threat of planning enforcement.

Before you negotiate a lease or buy a property, it may be advisable to consider whether you need to obtain planning permission for your intended use and, if so, your chances of getting planning approval for it.

Use Class B – Business that serves people

B1 – Business (Offices and Research and Development)

B2 – General Industrial

Use Class C – Locations where people sleep

C1 – Hotels
C2 – Residential Institutions (care homes, hospitals, nursing homes, boarding schools, residential colleges and training centres)
C2A – Secure residential institutions
C3 – Dwellinghouse
C4 – HMOs

Use Class E – Commercial, Business and Service

Various uses from shops, offices, restaurants, light industrial, and much more

Use Class F1 – Learning and non-residential institutions

Schools, galleries, museums and more

Use Class F2 – Local community uses

Local Community uses

Class Q – Barns and Agricultural buildings 

Sui Generis 

If it isn’t in one of the use classes above, then it is under Sui Generis.

What’s the Next Step?

Understanding the UK’s change of use planning application process is essential for developers, property owners, and businesses looking to repurpose land or buildings. Whether you need a lawful development certificate, full planning permission, or are proceeding under permitted development rights, obtaining the right permissions is crucial to ensure compliance with town and country planning laws. Given the intricate nature of the whole planning permissions system, seeking Professional Advice is often advisable, particularly for more complex or contentious projects. Contact our expert Change of Use Town Planners and Architects to get the best possible roadmap for your project.